Cylinder head



Feb. 18, 1936. R. H. PENNEBAKER CYLINDER HEAD Filed Jan. 15, 1932OOOGOQO) cooooeemmc nae) Patented Feb. 18, 1936 UNITED TENT GFFICECYLINDER HEAD 9 Claims.

My invention relates broadly to internal combustion engines and moreparticularly to a construction of cylinder head for internal combustionengines.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a construction ofcylinder head for internal combustion engines having means forincreasing the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine.

Another object of my invention is to provide a construction of cylinderhead for an internal combustion engine arranged to liberate anddissipate heat rapidly for maintaining the cylinder 'head relativelycool and permitting the use of higher compression and the reduction ofdetonation efiects.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a construction ofcylinder head having heat absorbent members projecting into andextending outwardly from the head of the cylinder for conducting heatrapidly away from the cylinder and insuring the maintenance of thecylinder at relatively low temperature at the time the exhaust valve isopen and during the exhaust and intake cycles of the engine.

A further object of my invention is to provide a construction ofcylinder head having means extending into the cylinder head andprojecting beyond the limits of the cylinder head and permitting thecirculation of a cooling fluid such as air or water for extracting heatfrom the cylinder head and reducing the temperature thereof.

Another object of my invention is to provide means disposed within acylinder head which will permit cooler running and operation of thevalves, especially the exhaust valve.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a construction ofcylinder head containing a multiplicity of downwardly dependingthimblelike members for maintaining the temperature of 'the cylinderhead relatively low and for increasing the efiiciency of the engine.

Other and further objects of my invention reside in the construction ofcylinder head for internal combustion engines as set forth more fully inthe specification hereinafter following by reference to the accompanyingdrawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view taken through an engine cylinder andillustrating an application of one form of cylinder head embodying myinvention; Fig. 2 is a plan view looking upwardly into the interior ofthe cylinder head of Fig. 1 on line 2-2 thereof; Fig. 3 is across-sectional view showing a modified construction of cylinder headembodying my invention and arranged for the circulation of fluid fromthe cylinder head jacket into the depending heat extracting members;Fig. 4 is a plan view taken on line 44 and looking upwardly into thecylinder head of Fig. 3;

and Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of 5 one of thethimble-like heat extracting members shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

My invention provides means for dissipating the heat'which is generatedat the head of the cylinder rapidly through cooling water'or by thecirculation of air. I provide an arrangement of thimble-like memberswhich are directed inwardly into the interior of the cylinder head anddownwardly toward the cylinder and serve to extract heat from thecylinder for rapid radiation to the cooling fluid. I may construct theheat extracting members integral with the head of the cylinder or theheat extracting members may be inserted and secured in the cylinderhead.

The heat extracting members may be solid or hollow in cross-section andmay extend both below and above the surface forming the headof thecylinder. When tubular members are employed projecting through one wallof the cylinder head there is an opening provided in the tubular membersadjacent the inner side of the Wall of the cylinder head for thecirculation of the cooling fluid therethrough, in cooperation with theopening at the mouth of the thimble-like member.

The rapid extraction of heat from the cylinder head serves to increasethe thermodynamic efficiency of the engine and permits the use of highercompression and reduces detonation to a much further lower minimum thanthe present type of the illustrative sense and not aslimiting my 46invention to a particular construction.

Referring to the drawing in detail, reference character l designates theengine cylinder having a valve port 2 connected therewith with a valve 3interposed between the valve port 2 and the cylinder l. I provideacylinder head 4 hav- 5 ing a fluid circulating jacket 5 therein andhaving its lower surface equipped with the heatertracting members of myinvention.

In Fig. 1 I have shown a form of my invention wherein the heatextracting members are arranged as thimble-like projections 9. Thethimble-like projections have hollow interior portions and are arrangedon axes which are normal to tangents drawn to the curved wall I formingthe interior surface of the cylinder head. The thimble-like members 9are integrally connected with the wall 1 and have integrally formedintermediate projections l0 which extend upwardly into the fluid cooledjacket 5 in staggered relation to the members 9. The projections II] areconical in shape and terminate in apexes within the fluid circulatingjacket of the engine. The

conical shaped projections l9 extend into the fluid circulating jacketfor a distance which is greater than the internal diameter of thethimblea like members ID. The heat absorbed from the interior ofcylinder l by the thimble-like members 9 is conducted upwardly throughwall 1 and into the intermediate projections it from which the heat isdissipated into the cooling fluid in jacket 5. The spark plug serving toignite the charge within the cylinder is indicated at H in Figs. 1 and3. As shown in Fig. 2 the depending heat absorbing members 9 are spaceduniformly throughout the area of the wall I and serve to rapidly absorbthe heat as it is liberated in the cylinder head and transmit it throughthe wall andprojections to cooling fluid in the jacket 5 for maintainingthe temperature in the cylinder head relatively low. The rows of heatextracting members extend on each side of the central area of thecylinder head and provide paths for dissipating the heat as rapidly asthe heat is generated in the cylinder.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a modified form of cylinder head cooling means inwhich the heat extracting members have the form of tubes l2 closed atthe lower ends and depending downwardly into the cylinder from the walll and upwardly into the fluid cooling jacket 5 as indicated at I211.

The projections |2a extend from the wall 1 for a distance which isgreater than the internal diameter of the tubes l2. Each of the tubesprovides a pocket for the cooling fluid from the fluid cooling jacket 5.The structure of these tubes .has been illustrated more clearly in Fig.5 in which it will be seen that an opening I4 is provided in the side ofeach tube immediately above the wall 1 so that fluid standing in thehollow heat absorber I2 will not have to actually .boil out before it isreplaced with a fresh fluid supply, but the fluid can instead circulatethrough the opening M in the wall thereof. This circulation serves toinsure a continuous supply of cooling fluid at the extremities of theheat absorbing or extracting members l2 where such heat absorption isrequired.

, Fig. 4 illustrates the manner in which the hea absorbers aredistributed on each side of the recess l5 which receives the spark plugII, the ,heat extractors being arranged in rows disposed uniformlyaround the spark plug in the cylinder head. The downwardly dependingthimblelike members 9 and [2 are arranged to absorb maximum heat fromthe combustion chamber without obstructing the valves arranged in thecylinder head. Fig. 5 illustrates the manner in which the tubularmembers are inclined with respect to the central axis of the spark plugpermitting the maximum absorption of heat throughout .thearea of thecylinder head.

- The heat absorbing or extracting members which project downwardly fromthe cylinder 'head'to the interior of the cylinder resemble a porcupinearrangement. Similarly the heat dis.-

tributing members which project upwardly are assembled in porcupinearrangement for the rapid dissipation of heat conducted therethroughfrom the heat absorbing or extracting members.

The cylinder head construction of my invention operates to substantiallyimprove the efliciency of engine operation and permits the use of highercompression with a reduction in detonation. While I have described myinvention in certain of its preferred embodiments I desire that it beunderstood that modifications may be made and that no limitations uponmy invention are intended other than are imposed by the scope of theappended claims.

, What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States is as follows:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head for saidcylinder, a plurality of tubular members projecting downwardly from saidhead toward the interior of said cylinder, and upwardly in an oppositedirection to a position interior of said head, cup-shaped closures onthe lower ends of said tubular members, and a cooling fluid jacket insaid head surrounding the upper ends of said tubular members forconducting cooling fluid to and from said tubular members.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head on saidcylinder, a cooling fluid jacket in said head, a plurality of tubularmembers extending through said head from a position Within said coolingfluid jacket to a position beneath said head in the combustion chamberof said internal combustion engine, cup-shaped closures on the lowerends of said tubular members, and a port in each of said tubular membersimmediately above the connection thereof with said head for providing apath for circulation of cooling fluid between each of said tubularmembers and said fluid cooling jacket.

3. 'A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine including a wallmember, a plurality of tubular members extending downwardly from saidwall member, cup shaped closures on the lower ends of said tubularmembers and projece tions extending from. said wall member in an upwarddirection in staggered relation to said tubular members. v

4. A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine including a wallmember, a plurality of tubular members extending downwardly from saidwall member, cup shaped closures on the lower ends of said tubularmembers and projec tions extending from said wall member in an upwarddirection in staggered relation to said tubular members, saidprojections each being conical in form with the apexes thereofterminating at a distance from said wall member which is greater thanthe internal diameter of said tubular members.

5. A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine including a curvedwall member, a plu rality of tubular members extending downwardly fromsaid curved wall member and disposed over the valves and the piston insaid engine, cup shaped closures on the lower ends of said tubularmembers and projections extending from said wall member in an upwarddirection with respect to said tubular members, the axes of said tubularmembers intersecting each other at a remote distance below said curvedwall member.

6. A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine including a wallmember, a plurality of tubu a em n ng. d wnwa d y; rfrqm said wallmember, cup shaped closures on the lower ends of said tubular membersand tubular extensions integrally connected with said wall member andwith the aforesaid tubular members and projecting from said wall memberfor a distance greater than the internal diameter of said tubularmembers.

7. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head on said cylinderincluding a cooling fluid jacket defined by the walls of said head, aplurality of tubular members extending through one wall of said headfrom a position within said cooling fluid jacket to a position beneathsaid head in the combustion chamber of said internal combustion engine,cup-shaped closures on the lower ends of said tubular members, and aport in each of said tubular members immediately above the connectionthereof with said head for providing a path for circulation of coolingfluid between each of said tubular members and said fluid coolingjacket, said tubular members projecting on each side of the wall of saidhead for distances greater than the internal diameters of said tubularmembers.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head for saidcylinder, a plurality of tubular members projecting downwardly from saidhead toward the interior of said cylinder, and upwardly in an oppositedirection to a position interior of said head, cup-shaped closures onthe lower ends oi said tubular members, and a cooling fluid jacketsurrounding the upper ends of said tubular members for conductingcooling fluid to and from said tubular members, said tubular membersprojecting in each direction for distances greater than the internaldiameters of said tubular members.

9. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a cylinder headdefining a cooling jacket, a plurality of cylindrically shaped hollowheat extractors carried by one wall of said cylinder head and extendingdownwardly from said head toward said cylinder, said heat extractorsbeing closed at their lower limits, and heat distributing membersconnected with the said wall of said cylinder head and projectingupwardly therefrom into the cooling jacket, cooling fluid beingcirculated in said cooling jacket and said hollow heat extractors.

ROBERT H. PENNEBAKER.

